{"id":4973,"date":"2012-12-17T17:52:51","date_gmt":"2012-12-17T22:52:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/?p=4973"},"modified":"2016-12-12T14:39:50","modified_gmt":"2016-12-12T20:39:50","slug":"december-17-1862-in-oxford-mississippi-general-u-s-grant-issues-the-controversial-general-orders-no-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/december-17-1862-in-oxford-mississippi-general-u-s-grant-issues-the-controversial-general-orders-no-11\/","title":{"rendered":"December 17, 1862 in Oxford, Mississippi: General US Grant issues the controversial “General Orders No. 11”"},"content":{"rendered":"

On December 17, 1862 Union General Ulysses S. Grant<\/b> issued a most controversial directive from his headquarters in Oxford, Mississippi<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Known as \u201cGeneral Orders No. 11<\/strong>,\u201d the directive read:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe Jews<\/strong>, as a class violating every regulation of trade established by the Treasury Department and also department orders, are hereby expelled from the department within twenty-four hours from the receipt of this order.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Union
Union General Ulysses S. Grant<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Grant\u2019s order effectively and immediately expelled all Jewish people out of all areas controlled by his Army of the Tennessee<\/strong>, which included, North Mississippi, West Tennessee, and parts of Kentucky. <\/span><\/p>\n

By the end of 1862, a large cotton black market had developed in the South with prices soaring in the North. <\/span><\/p>\n

As head of the Army of the Tennessee,<\/strong> Grant was charged with issuing trade permits. Many traders avoided licensing all together in the chaotic south and simply went around Grant\u2019s department.<\/span><\/p>\n

Upon signing the order, Jews were given 24 hours to leave. Most of them walked out on foot from Oxford<\/strong>, Holly Springs<\/strong>, and other areas held by Grant.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

General Grant warned that \u201cany one returning … will be arrested and held in confinement until an opportunity occurs of sending them out as prisoners.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

A group of Jews from Paducah, Kentucky, led by Cesar Kaskel<\/b> went to Washington, DC and met with President Abraham Lincoln<\/b>, who revoked the order on January 6, 1863.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obviously, this controversial directive shadowed General Grant for the rest of his life and was even an issue in his 1868 Presidential campaign. <\/span><\/p>\n

However, Grant was successful in convincing Jewish leaders that the order was an anomaly of the Civil War and he was not an anti-Semite. He even claimed that General Orders No. 11 was written by a subordinate and he had signed it without reading it.<\/span><\/p>\n

General Ulysses S. Grant\u2019s General Orders No. 11: issued December 17, 1862 in Oxford, Mississippi.\u00a0\"The<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On December 17, 1862 Union General Ulysses S. Grant issued a most controversial directive from his headquarters in<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[309,314],"tags":[1072,2474,1073,7085,2499,1074,189,178,2500,2476,5,4,2475,1393,2498,1059,1061],"class_list":["post-4973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civil-war","category-local-history","tag-abraham-lincoln","tag-army-of-the-tennessee","tag-cesar-kaskel","tag-civil-war","tag-general-grant","tag-general-orders-no-11","tag-holly-springs","tag-jewish","tag-jews","tag-kentucky","tag-mississippi","tag-oxford","tag-paducah","tag-sesquicentennial","tag-u-s-grant","tag-ulysses-s-grant","tag-union"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/thumb.jpg?fit=720%2C380&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4973"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4973\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thelocalvoice.net\/oxford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}